What is PCOD?
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), and insulin resistance. PCOD can lead to various health issues, including infertility, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Causes of PCOD
The exact cause of PCOD is not known, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:
- Genetics: PCOD often runs in families. If your mother or sister has PCOD, you may be at a higher risk of developing it.
- Hormonal Imbalance: An imbalance in the hormones that regulate ovulation can lead to PCOD. This includes increased levels of androgens, which can interfere with the development and release of eggs from the ovaries.
- Insulin Resistance: Many women with PCOD have insulin resistance, which means their bodies produce more insulin to compensate. Excess insulin can increase androgen production, leading to symptoms of PCOD.
Symptoms of PCOD
PCOD can manifest in various ways, and symptoms may vary from person to person. Common symptoms include:
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Women with PCOD often experience infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual periods.
- Excess Hair Growth: Elevated androgen levels can cause hirsutism, which is excessive hair growth on the face, chest, back, or other areas where men typically grow hair.
- Acne and Oily Skin: Hormonal imbalances can lead to acne breakouts and oily skin.
- Weight Gain: Many women with PCOD struggle with weight gain or obesity, particularly around the abdomen.
- Thinning Hair: Hair thinning or male-pattern baldness can occur due to high androgen levels.
- Difficulty Getting Pregnant: PCOD is one of the leading causes of infertility in women. The hormonal imbalances can disrupt ovulation, making it harder to conceive.
- Darkening of Skin: Patches of dark, velvety skin, particularly on the neck, groin, or under the breasts, known as acanthosis nigricans, can be a sign of insulin resistance.
